展期:2015/2/7 - 2015/5/10
地点:国家博物馆南2(S2)、南3(S3)展厅
票价:20元(可在本展展厅入口处购买)
主办单位:中国国家博物馆 华沙国家博物馆 Culture.pl
协办单位:克拉科夫国家博物馆 波兹南国家博物馆
波兰共和国驻华大使馆
本展览受波兰共和国文化与民族遗产部资金支持
赞助商:KGHM Polska Miedź S.A
波兰中世纪艺术主要为教堂和广大信众服务。从中世纪早期开始,祭坛是教堂的中心,在弥撒仪式中,神父站在祭坛前祈祷并举行圣餐礼。祭坛装饰主要是绘画和雕刻,它们表现基督教信仰的基本事实,或是耶稣基督及其母亲玛利亚的生平,或是圣徒的生活及其显示的神迹。这些祭坛作品通常体量很大,并非某一位艺术家的作品,而是在工坊内由不同专业的艺术家和工匠共同制作。它们与精美绝伦的礼拜仪式用品以及神职人员所穿的华美法衣,共同成为中世纪最具艺术价值的精品。
相传,古老的萨尔马提亚人曾在伏尔加河下游和顿河(今俄罗斯中部)之间的东方广阔土地上居住过,他们崇尚自由、热情好客、刚强有力、英勇无畏。波兰贵族便以萨尔马提亚人后裔自居,标榜自身的文化特性。萨尔马提亚的思想观念对16至18世纪波兰民族精神与文化传统方面都产生了重大影响。在绘画领域,最能体现这一思想观念的即“萨尔马提亚肖像画”,其中的纪念肖像中有一个特殊的形式,即棺材肖像画,几乎只见于波兰,与当时波兰的丧葬习俗密切相关。肖像画与经典的波兰服饰、品类繁多的手工艺品、装饰精美的武器以及高水平的纪念章和袖珍画一起,共同构筑了传统波兰艺术这道亮丽的风景线。
18世纪最后几十年是波兰启蒙运动时期,此时,陷入经济和政治危机的波兰尽管推行了一系列实现国家现代化的措施,也无法扭转国家走向崩溃的命运。18世纪末,曾经国力强盛、幅员辽阔的波兰被俄国、普鲁士和奥地利瓜分,消失于世界政治版图之外。波兰国力衰落之时,艺术却迎来了一段时期的发展,这得益于波兰末代国王斯坦尼斯瓦夫•奥古斯特•波尼亚托夫斯基国王对宫廷内外艺术的大力支持:建立了现代艺术机构,如国家博物馆和美术学院,同时还吸引了一批杰出的海外艺术家。最著名的海外艺术家是波兰化的意大利人马切洛•巴恰雷列,他为波兰王宫创作了一系列有关波兰历史题材的大幅画作,为19世纪蓬勃发展的历史画提供了核心题材。
国家独立地位的丧失对波兰艺术的发展产生了深远的影响,艺术的功能、赞助人和观众都发生了改变。新观众们对于国家的过去、自然风光、历史遗迹以及民间风俗很感兴趣,这些需求带来了历史画、风景画、肖像画以及风俗画的繁荣。历史画是19世纪波兰艺术最重要的领域。以杨•马特义科为代表的历史画大师以一种动情的、更具表现力和令人惊叹的形式表现波兰的过去,从历史和哲学的角度解读历史,赋予画作深刻的含义;以约瑟夫•切尔曼斯基为代表的风景画大师的作品表达了对祖国和祖国风光的热爱。此外,更加世俗的绘画类型,如肖像画、裸体画、东方题材画、私密的室内画以及装饰性的静物画等,也受到越来越多的欢迎。政治压迫的19世纪见证了波兰艺术创造力的异常繁荣,波兰人民从动人的诗歌、美丽的本土风光、昔日辉煌的记忆、民间的艺术传统以及肖邦的音乐中找到他们的精神家园。艺术支撑下的民族意识和爱国情感使波兰存续下来,并在20世纪得到重生。
19至20世纪之交是标榜“年轻”和“新颖”的“青年波兰”艺术时期。当时,艺术获得独立地位,艺术家们从国家责任中解放出来,开始追求纯粹的艺术价值。这一时期也是波兰绘画的“黄金时期”,绘画作品的一大特色就是与诗歌和音乐紧密联系(尤其是肖邦的音乐,成为很多艺术家的灵感来源),以达到“综合艺术”的效果。波兰绘画在国家责任和纯粹艺术之间,在固有传统和现代冲击力之间取得了平衡,这种平衡使波兰绘画在变革中始终保持鲜明的个性。波兰绘画的繁荣也得益于一批前所未有的艺术天才的涌现,他们非凡的艺术才能成就了波兰艺术史上这个伟大时期。
1918年波兰恢复独立是波兰艺术史的重要转折点。大多数艺术家将艺术的目标视为创建现代国家风格,将当前艺术潮流同民间艺术相结合,意在向世人表明:波兰是一个有着傲人历史传统的现代新兴国家。转向各种不同先锋派潮流的艺术家们,尽管在理念和形式上有很大不同,但都表达了自己“对现代的渴望”。伴随着先锋艺术运动的式微,传统主义开始复兴。各种艺术潮流有一个共同的愿望,就是建立一个波兰绘画学派。第二次世界大战给波兰艺术带来重大损失,战争刚结束,新一代先锋艺术家们进行了一种将社会主义新风貌同现代艺术相结合的尝试。1956年以后,波兰政治的“解冻”为艺术家们提供了自由表达和同现代艺术潮流对话的机会。事实证明,波兰艺术对新的艺术灵感和刺激非常敏感,并能将其纳入自己的先锋派艺术传统中。“波兰招贴学派”是20世纪后半叶波兰艺术在世界范围内取得的最令人瞩目的成就之一,众多优秀的平面艺术设计师运用极具吸引力的艺术形式,简明扼要地诠释了这一在公众空间展示的“街头艺术”。
The National Museum in Warsaw(波兰华沙国家博物馆) was originally founded in 1862 as the Museum of Fine Arts and is currently one of the oldest art museums in the country. Today, the Museum boasts a collection numbering around 830,000 works of art from Poland and abroad, from ancient times to the present including paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, photographs, coins, as well as utilitarian objects and design. The most important works are presented online, on the Digital NMW website. The Museum has four divisions situated in picturesque parks: the Poster Museum in Wilanów (Warsaw), the Xawery Dunikowski Sculpture Museum at the Królikarnia Palace (Warsaw), the Museum of Interiors in Otwock Wielki and the Museum in Nieborów and Arkadia. The main building houses also the Faras Gallery with its unique exhibition of early Christian Nubian painting from Africa.The Museum offers a broad selection of highly successful educational programs and in the autumn 2014 it joined the Google Art Project, becoming the second museum in Poland whose interiors were opened to the Internet users from all over the world. A virtual walk – so-called Museum View – will be available this spring and its main path will consist of the Gallery of 19th Century Art.
For more information please visit: www.mnw.art.pl/en/
Culture.pl(密茨凯维奇学院) is the flagship brand of the Adam Mickiewicz Institute – a national cultural institution promoting Poland and Polish culture abroad and taking an active part in international cultural exchange. By spearheading high-quality initiatives and events in the fields of visual arts, theatre, music, design and film, Culture.pl aspires to introduce contemporary Polish culture to international audiences. So far, more than 4 000 events have been organized in 26 countries, reaching over 40 000 000 people. Our projects are held at leading galleries, theatres, clubs and festivals in close collaboration with prestigious partners like the National Museum of China,National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing, National Art Museum of China,the Forbidden City Concert Hall in Beijing, Busan International Film Festival, Performing Arts Market in Seoul, Seoul Performing Arts Festival, LG Arts Center in Seoul, Jarasum International Jazz Festival, Tongyeoung Music Festival, Tianjin Grand Theatre,Hongkong Arts Festival,Tokyo Jazz Festival, Tokio Designers Weekand many more.
For over a decade now, the Institute has maintained the Culture.pl website to provide daily fresh information on the most exciting Polish cultural events worldwide. As the biggest and most comprehensive source of knowledge on Polish culture, the site boasts a wealth of artist bios (5 000 and counting), reviews, essays, reports and profiles of cultural institutions along with event listings for Poland and beyond.
Find out more about events featuring Polish artists in Asia at www.asia.culture.pl。
Culture.pl in China
Culture.pl has been organising Polish cultural events in China since 2009, but never on such a scale as what we propose for the upcoming months!
A series of exhibitions, concerts, theatre performances and film screenings will give you a whole new perspective on what Polish culture is about. From February to August we’ll appear at the very best venues in Beijing, Wuhan, Tianjin and Shanghai – an opportunity not to be missed.
Our program is built around two, epoch-scale art exhibitionstaking you on a journey across the history of Polish art, from Medieval sculpture, through 19th-century painting, tonew works from today’s topvisual artists. The first Chinese tour by the renowned SinfoniaVarsovia orchestra and a series of recitals and chamber concerts will delight classical music fans. Theatre-wise, wehaveanew production bythe great master KrystianLupa, who made a splash in China last year with Persona. Marilyn, and a Polish classic – Forefathers’ Eve in a new interpretation by the excellentMichalZadara. And finally, don’t miss the Polish focus at the Beijing International Film Festival – the biggest ever selection of Polish films at a festival in China.
The program is prepared by Culture.pl in cooperation with the Polish Embassy in Beijing and our great Chinese partners: the venues and festivals. We look forward to seeing you soon!
The National Museum in Krakow(克拉科夫国家博物馆) is the oldest Polish museum. The Museum contains exquisite collections of Polish, European and world art, an extensive collection of crafts, military items and fabrics from the West and East, as well as numismatic items.
The Museum’s scientific activities led to it becoming the only museum in Poland to receive the status of a research unit, granted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
According to the prestigious British magazine “Art Newspaper”, the National Museum in Krakow is the only Polish institution classified among the most popular world museums. It is visited by more than 650 thousand people each year.
For more information please visit: http://mnk.pl/.
The National Museum in Poznań(波兹南国家博物馆) is one of the oldest and most important museums in Poland. Its history commences in 1857 with the setting up of the Museum of Polish and Slavonic Antiquities, which was eventually transformed into the multi-branch National Museum in Poznań, one of the most respected institutions of this kind in Poland. Apart from its main building, the Museum includes three palace museums: the Raczyński Palace in Rogalin, the Czartoryski Castle in Gołuchów and the palace in Śmiełów, which hosts the Adam Mickiewicz Museum in Poznań. The Museum’s departments, galleries, rooms and cabinets preserve over 350,000 museum objects of Polish and European art and craft from Antiquity through the present day, including paintings, sculptures and prints, as well as military items, coins and medals, ethnographic collections, objects related to the history of Poznań and musical instruments, creating the only museum of this type in Poland, which supplied many masterpieces displayed at the exhibition in the National Museum of China.
For more information please visit: http://www.mnp.art.pl/en/
The Polish Embassy in Beijing(波兰驻华大使馆) strives to promote a strong, positive relationship with China. From enhancingbilateral relations to building mutual economic prosperity, our work covers diverse fields. In the past decade, a variety of exchange programmes co-organized by the Embassy have provided opportunities for Chinese and Polish citizens to work together, transcending national borders to build inter-personal connections.
Besides promoting bilateral relations in the economic, educational, technological and other fields, the Embassy has, through various initiatives, played an active role in developing cultural exchange. The Culture Section of the Polish Embassy, with its professional staff and wealth of resources, is at the heart of the cultural and educational exchanges between China and Poland. It coordinates and supports a wide variety of activities including lectures, discussions and workshops,on subjects of mutual interest to citizens of China and Poland; we also organize events ranging from exhibitions and movie screeningsto concerts and theatre productions, featuring some of Poland’s most celebrated authors, historians, journalists, scholars, musicians andartists.
For more information please visit: beijing.mfa.gov.pl/en
Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of Poland(波兰文化与民族遗产部) focuses its activities on the promotion and popularization of cultural and artistic actions, taking care of the cultural and artistic education, initiating actions to maintain and disseminate national and state traditions, promotion, protection and recovery of Polish cultural heritage abroad, lost both as a result of the war, as well as illegal movements of Polish and international level.
Besides, the Ministry initiates and coordinates many of international projects as well as establishes lasting contact between Polish and foreign artists, art institutions or cultural animators. For years, Polish culture has met with great respect all over the world and became our best brand, synonymous with the highest quality.
For more information please visit: www.mkidn.gov.pl/pages/the-ministry-of-culture-and-national-heritage.php?lang=EN
KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.(波兰铜业集团) is one of the largest and most significant companies in the Polish economy. KGHM is one of the largest producers of copper and silver - almost 3% of the world copper production (8th producer in the world) and more than 5% of world silver production (1st producer in the world). KGHM produces the highest quality copper and silver. KGHM has a broad portfolio of producing, development and exploration projects, spanning the globe in Poland, Germany, Canada, Chile and the USA.
KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.
ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48
59-301 Lubin
tel. (+48 76) 74 78 200
fax (+48 76) 74 78 500
www.kghm.pl
本展览已制作二维码导览和微信导览,请在展厅扫描二维码或添加国家博物馆微信(ichnmuseum)获取展览相关信息。
开放时间:9:00—17:00(15:30止票,16:00停止入馆,16:30清场,17:00闭馆。周一闭馆)
地址交通:
北京东城区东长安街16号天安门广场东侧
地面公交可乘坐公共汽车在天安门东站、前门东站或天安门广场东站下车步行至我馆;
地铁可在1号线天安门东站或2号线前门站下车步行至我馆。
2月6日,“来自肖邦故乡的珍宝:15-20世纪的波兰艺术展”开幕式在中国国家博物馆隆重举行。波兰文化与民族遗产部长马格拉塔·奥米拉诺夫斯卡、中国文化部副部长丁伟、波兰驻华大使塔德乌什·霍米茨基、华沙国家博物馆馆长莫拉文斯卡、中国国家博物馆馆长吕章申等嘉宾以及上百名中外媒体记者出席开幕式。 详细信息
由中国国家博物馆、波兰华沙国家博物馆等联合主办的“来自肖邦故乡的珍宝:15至20世纪的波兰艺术”6日在中国国家博物馆开幕。展品来自波兰近20家大型博物馆和艺术品收藏机构,涵盖15至20世纪的波兰绘画、雕塑、丝织品、金银器等多个艺术门类的精品近350件。详细信息